Jendelahukum.com, Perspektif – Mundurnya Presiden Soeharto pada 21 Mei 1998 silam menjadi titik tolak dimulainya suatu reformasi besar-besaran dalam sistem penyelenggaraan negara. Bersamaan dengan itu, demokratisasi kehidupan bernegara menjadi tidak bisa terelakkan sebagai sebuah arus baru yang membangunkan harapan bagi kita semua untuk melihat kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia yang lebih demokratis.
Namun demikian berselang dua dekade lebih sejak proses reformasi itu, yang diiringi pergantian rezim demi rezim dari rezim Habibie, Gusdur, Mega, SBY, dan sekarang di bawah kepemimpinan rezim Jokowi-Ma’ruf, nyatanya realisasi demokratisasi di republik ini masih menyisakan sederan ironi.
Baca juga: Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Otonomi Daerah
Di sini kita menyaksikan bahwa, kebebasan – yang merupakan inti dari demokrasi – justru berbalik arah menjadi hal yang memuakkan. Bersamaan dengan itu, olok-mengolok antar golongan yang berbeda pilihan/pandangan seringkali terjadi seolah perbedaan yang merupakan realitas dari kehidupan telah berevolusi menjadi pemicu terjadinya konflik.
Tak pelak, semakin banyak orang yang jenuh lalu kemudian bernostalgia merindukan orde lama yang kesemuanya serba stabil. Jauh dari hiruk pikuk kegaduhan dan keributan. Padahal jika kita renungi, kembali pada orde yang begitu sentralistik-otoritatif tidak akan meyelesaikan persoalan. Demokrasi saat ini tentulah jauh lebih baik dari pada melangkah mundur ke masa-masa itu.
Demokrasi adalah Persoalan “kita”
Kejenuhan terhadap demokrasi tidak lain dikarenakan terjadinya distorsi-distorsi terhadap nilai demokrasi di republik ini, yang semakin mengarah pada silang sengkarut praktek-praktek yang tidak bermartabat. Para akademisi secara lebih sarkartik menyebutkan bahwa demokratisasi Indonesia sudah mengarah pada oligarki politik, bukanlah demokrasi yang sebenarnya.
Namun demikian, tanpa ingin terburu-buru mengutuk para pelakunya, sekalipun mengakui adanya kebejatan para elit politik negeri ini dalam berdemokrasi, kita semua hendaknya bersepakat bahwa demokratisasi adalah persoalan ke-kita-an dalam mengelola urusan publik. Kalaulah ada yang tidak beres dalam berdemokrasi, pastilah kita sendiri biang keladinya.
Dalam konteks ini, tidak terlalu relevan bagi kita untuk meratapi kenyataan bahwa demokratisasi telah dibajak elite. Adapun yang harus dilakukan adalah re-intalasi demokrasi agar masyarakat punya kendali terhadap elitnya, sehingga kalaulah elit menikmati previllages hal itu dikarenakan dedikasinya melayani publik.
Menegur pemimpin yang salah dalam demokrasi adalah keniscayaan, namun proses demokratisasi tidak akan segera tuntas kalau kita hanya berhenti dengan mencaci-maki para pemimpin. Sudah saatnya kita berhenti mereduksi arti demokrasi dengan menormalkan pandangan bahwa demokratisasi adalah proses yang berwatak top-down, bukan sebaliknya, proses bottom-up.
Baca juga: Menyoal Sikap Kenegarawan Kepala Negara
Dalam kerangka pikir demikian, secara tidak langsung kita akan memposisikan rakyat sekedar sebagai sebagai penerima manfaat, bukan pioneer dalam proses pelembagaan kebebasan berpolitik [demokratisasi] itu sendiri.
Atau jika hendak menggunakan analogi bisnis; kita hanya memaknai kedudukan rakyat dalam demokrasi tidak lebih dari konsumen dari produk-produk kebijakan/aturan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah. Dan ketika produk-produk itu gagal, mereka akan mengeluh dan berupaya mengembalikan apa yang sudah dibelinya.
Menuju Partisipasi Ideal dalam Demokrasi
Demokrasi, sebagaimana umumnya dipahami, adalah suatu penyelangaraan pemerintahan yang memposisikan rakyat sebagai pemain sentral yang akan menentukan arah kebijkan negara. Sehingga pesoalan demokratisasi merupakan proses kolektif masyarakat untuk mengubah tatanan dan cara penyelengaraan pemerintahan.
Persoalan demokratisasi Indonesia adalah tugas kita bersama sebagai anak-anak bangsa yang sama-sama mencita-citakan keadilan dan kesejahteraan bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, setiap individu sudah selayaknya mengambil peran serta berpartisipasi dalam proses demokratisasi di republik ini.
Namun haruslah dicatat bahwa partisipasi yang kita perjuangkan disini bukanlah partisipasi pada tataran menjalani prosedur-prosedur baru yang dibuat. Melainkan partisipasi dalam tataran me-reformat dan mentransformasikan cara ber-pemerintah-an. Dan tentu partisipasi yang dimaksud haruslah berangkat dari suatu kesadaran dan kecerdasan kolektif dalam menggunakan hak-hak demokrasinya.
Tanpa kecerdasan kolektif, cara kita mewacanakan demokrasi selama ini akan memberikan ruang yang lebih kondusif untuk dibajak elit. Jika kita tarik dalam konteks pemilu Indonesia yang sudah-sudah, kita hanya mewacanakan sebuah partisipasi dimana rakyat akan hadir ke bilik suara untuk memilih pemimpin-pemimpin. Kelak ketika pemimpin itu sudah terpilih, rakyat hanya menunggu hasil dari “demokratisasi” tersebut.
Baca juga: Refleksi Hari lahir Pancasila; Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Kian Memudar?
Dalam bentuk partisipasi demikian, maka sebenarnya kita belum menyadari bahwa demokrasi bukanlah sekedar persoalan memilih pemimpin semata. Sebab tantangan pokoknya bukanlah sekedar ‘menemukan siapa’ pemimpin yang terpilih, melainkan mengembangkan instalasi pemerintahan agar rakyat — melalui kelembagaan yang ada/diperlukan— memiliki kontrol terhadap keputusan-keputusan kebijakan yang dihasilkan oleh pemerintah.
Dan untuk mewujudkan hal itu, tentu diperlukan pembangunan kesadaran dan kecerdasan kolektif masyarakat terhadap nilai-nilai demokrasi dan konstitusi, agar terwujud suatu partispasi yang ideal dalam demokrasi. Sebab, dengan cara demikianlah, demokasi akan benar-benar meletakkan rakyat sebagai pemangku kedaulatan yang sebenarnya.
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